根據(jù)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CY/T.6-91精裝書殼質(zhì)量的要求及檢驗方法，將精裝書殼分為整面書殼和接面書殼兩種。    整面書殼是由一張完整的封面材料制成(如布面、紙面)。接面書殼的封面材料不是一整塊，通常是封面和封底用一種材料，書腰用一種材料并接而成(如布腰紙面、皮腰布面和包四角的封面)。
According to the quality requirements and inspection methods of the industry standard CY / t.6-91 hardcover case, the hardcover case is divided into two types: full face case and joint face case. The whole book case is made of a complete cover material (such as cloth and paper). The cover material of the book case is not a whole piece. Usually, the cover and back cover are made of one material, and the book waist is made of one material (such as cloth waist paper surface, leather waist cloth surface and four corner cover).
精裝書殼是由軟質(zhì)裱面材料，里層材料和中徑紙三部分組成。
Hardcover book case is composed of soft mounting material, inner layer material and medium diameter paper.
常用的裱面材料有綢緞、人造革、漆布、塑料紙、各種織物及紙張等。里層材料，即組成、后封的材料，多采用紙板。中徑紙用厚紙或紙板。書殼在展開平放時，后封中間的距離叫中徑。后封的硬紙板與中徑紙板中間的距離叫中縫，也稱隔槽、書槽。
Common mounting materials include silk and satin, artificial leather, lacquer cloth, plastic paper, various fabrics and paper, etc. The inner layer material, that is, the composition and rear sealing material, mostly adopts paperboard. Thick paper or paperboard for medium diameter paper. When the book case is unfolded and placed horizontally, the distance between the back seal and the middle is called the middle diameter. The distance between the back sealed cardboard and the medium diameter cardboard is called the middle seam, also known as the spacer slot and the book slot.
在封及中腰正面上，一般用燙印或印刷方法印上書名、作者名、出版社名稱及其它裝飾性圖案。中徑紙能使書殼中腰堅固和富有彈性，便于燙印；在翻閱書時，中徑紙是支持書芯的彈性支柱。

On the front of the seal and middle waist, the book title, author's name, publisher's name and other decorative patterns are usually printed by hot stamping or printing. Medium diameter paper can make the middle waist of the book case firm and elastic, which is convenient for hot stamping; When reading a book, medium diameter paper is an elastic support for the book block.
塑料書殼沒有列入行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這類書殼一般是根據(jù)出版社的要求而制作的。它是采用高頻介質(zhì)將塑料膜加熱，按照書刊規(guī)格壓制而成的整面書殼。塑料防水又耐磨，故用于經(jīng)常翻閱或小開本的字典、手冊、工具書之類的書刊裝幀。使用時，將粘在書芯兩面的硬卡紙塞在塑料封面的套層內(nèi)成為書冊。
Plastic book cases are not included in the industry standard. Such book cases are generally made according to the requirements of publishing houses. The utility model adopts high-frequency medium to heat the plastic film and press it according to the specifications of books and periodicals. Plastic is waterproof and wear-resistant, so it is used for binding dictionaries, manuals, reference books and so on. When in use, the hard cardboard stuck on both sides of the book block is stuffed into the sleeve layer of the plastic cover to form a book.
書殼是書刊的外衣，對于書藉來說，它一方面起著外部裝飾作用，另一方面也是為了保護(hù)書籍使其具有完好的使用性。因此，書殼不僅應(yīng)有美觀的外表，而且還應(yīng)有耐用性，制作材料便宜而不變形。為了滿足人民對書刊日益增長的要求，在大批量的生產(chǎn)中，還要求書殼的制作及與書芯的套合，更易于實現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動化的生產(chǎn)。
Book case is the coat of books and periodicals. For books, on the one hand, it plays an external decorative role, on the other hand, it is also to protect books and make them have good usability. Therefore, the book case should not only have a beautiful appearance, but also have durability, and the production materials are cheap without deformation. In order to meet the people's increasing requirements for books and periodicals, in mass production, it is also required to make the book case and fit with the book block, which is easier to realize mechanized and automatic production.
書殼制作工藝
Book case making technology
1.封面紙板的裁切
1. Cutting of cover paperboard
我國生產(chǎn)的精裝書籍、畫冊等封面用紙板為平張紙板，其尺寸為1350mm×920mm。在裁切紙板時，先應(yīng)從四邊裁去10mm左右的紙板邊，而后根據(jù)書刊的開本尺寸，計算出書殼紙板的尺寸，按經(jīng)濟(jì)的排列方案，并盡可能地使書籍的書背沿紙板纖維的縱紋進(jìn)行裁切。目裁切紙板除用單面切紙機(jī)外，還用與紙板壓平烘干機(jī)連接使用的圓刀式切紙機(jī)。
The paperboard for the cover of hardcover books and picture albums produced in China is flat paperboard, with a size of 1350mm × 920mm。 When cutting the paperboard, first cut the paperboard edge of about 10mm from the four sides, and then calculate the size of the book shell paperboard according to the size of the book, according to the economic arrangement scheme, and cut the back of the book along the longitudinal grain of the paperboard fiber as far as possible. In addition to the single-sided paper cutter, the circular knife paper cutter connected with the paperboard flattening dryer is also used for cutting paperboard.
2.書殼制作工藝
2. Book case making process
根據(jù)不同的開本及書芯厚度，將裁好的紙板、封面裱裝材料及中徑按一定的規(guī)格粘合在一起的工藝過程稱為制書殼。所使用的設(shè)備稱為制書殼機(jī)或糊封機(jī)。使用制書殼機(jī)可以制作整面書殼，也可以制作接面書殼。
According to different sizes and book block thickness, the process of bonding the cut paperboard, cover mounting materials and pitch diameter together according to certain specifications is called book case making. The equipment used is called bookcase making machine or paste sealing machine. Using the case making machine, you can make the whole case or the joint case.
制書殼機(jī)主要由刷膠機(jī)構(gòu)，封面、紙板、中徑紙輸送機(jī)構(gòu)，包邊、包角機(jī)構(gòu)，壓實及輸送機(jī)構(gòu)等組成。完成從輸料到精裝書殼制作完成的部工作。
The bookcase making machine is mainly composed of glue brushing mechanism, cover, paperboard and medium diameter paper conveying mechanism, edging and corner wrapping mechanism, compaction and conveying mechanism, etc. Complete the department work from material conveying to hardcover case production.
書殼制作完成以后，還必需經(jīng)過干燥，以排除糊封時粘接劑中的水分，保證下工序的正常進(jìn)行。干燥的方法有自然干燥和人工干燥兩種。自然干燥時間較長，一般要多的時間。人工干燥時間短，可以采用流通的空氣吹干，或者采用紅外干燥、高頻干燥等。我國的印刷廠大多使用自然干燥法。
After the book case is made, it must also be dried to eliminate the moisture in the adhesive during paste sealing and ensure the normal progress of the next process. There are two drying methods: natural drying and artificial drying. Natural drying time is longer, generally more than a day. The artificial drying time is short. Circulating air can be used for drying, or infrared drying, high-frequency drying, etc. Most printing plants in China use natural drying method.
制作好的書殼還需要進(jìn)行裝飾加工，使其更加美觀。精裝書殼的裝飾加工，是根據(jù)原設(shè)計的要求在書殼上加印文字和圖案，根據(jù)制作書亮?xí)r所采用的表層材料，可以采用燙印、壓凹凸或印刷的方法來完成。
The book case also needs to be decorated to make it more beautiful. The decorative processing of hardcover book case is to print words and patterns on the book case according to the requirements of the original design. According to the surface materials used to make the book bright, it can be completed by hot stamping, embossing or printing.